Foods high in potassium like bananas and apricots and excess salt is to be avoided. Milk, nuts, cheese and aerated drinks are high in phosphorus levels that cause calcium metabolism leading to osteoporosis. Tofu, peanut butter and eggs in controlled quantity helps in nutrition.

Apart from medications prescribed for symptoms, the last treatment options include dialysis of blood or peritoneum or transplantation.

Reasons for kidney failure can be pre-renal such as short blood supply due to blood loss, dehydration (diarrhea, vomiting), and taking diuretics. Renal causes include infections of kidney/urinary tract, medications that are toxic to kidneys like NSAIDs (ibuprofen) or antibiotics like amino glycoside (gentamycin) or iodine-based medications and/or multiple myeloma or glomerulonephritis.

Post-renal causes like blocking of the urinary tract, intra-lumen (stones, tumor) or pressure from outside by cancer around the ureter can cause backflow of urine increasing pressure within the kidneys and affecting it’s function. Long-standing reasons for kidney failure can be diabetes, hypertension or stones.