Kidney failure is asymptomatic in the beginning with some sluggishness, fatigue, anorexia and shortness of breath due to waste accumulation. Later, metabolic acidosis, arrhythmias (due to raised potassium levels) and raised urea levels causing encephalopathy or pericarditis occur. Excess fluid and high blood pressure may cause congestive heart failure. Increased urea and creatinine levels with decreased glomerular filtration rate are indicators and ultrasound can also help.
Foods high in potassium like bananas and apricots and excess salt is to be avoided. Milk, nuts, cheese and aerated drinks are high in phosphorus levels that cause calcium metabolism leading to osteoporosis. Tofu, peanut butter and eggs in controlled quantity helps in nutrition.
Apart from medications prescribed for symptoms, the last treatment options include dialysis of blood or peritoneum or transplantation.